Essential Workplace Rights Every Filipino Employee Should Know

As Filipino employees, knowing our workplace rights is essential, not only to protect ourselves but also to maximize the various benefits under Philippine labor law. For instance, many may not realize that the 13th month pay computation is based on the total basic salary earned throughout the year, excluding allowances and overtime. Let’s dive into some of the key rights every Filipino employee should know.

1. Right to Fair Wages and Timely Payment

Every employee has the right to receive timely and accurate payment for their work, including the base wage, overtime, night differentials (for work between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m.), and any holiday premiums. Employers are obligated to follow the correct rates for these differentials and pay on time.

Example: If you work on a regular holiday, you should receive 200% of your daily rate, with additional amounts for overtime or night differentials. Keeping a record of your hours and checking against your payslip each payday can ensure all payments, including premiums, are correct.

2. Protection Against Unjust Termination

One of the lesser-known yet important rights Filipino employees hold involves rights regarding termination and benefits. The law protects employees against unjust termination and entitles them to certain benefits in such cases. Employers cannot dismiss employees without just cause, and they must follow due process, which includes a formal notice period and valid reasons.

Example: If you receive a termination notice with vague reasons like “poor performance” but haven’t been given prior feedback or improvement opportunities, you may have grounds to contest the decision. Due process requires employers to provide fair notice and a chance to explain or correct any issues.

Tip: Hindi ka basta-basta puwedeng tanggalin sa trabaho ng walang sapat na dahilan at tamang proseso.

3. Right to Paid Rest Days and Holiday Compensation

Philippine labor law requires employers to provide employees with one rest day each week, along with holiday premiums for those working on public or special holidays. For instance, regular holiday work should be compensated at 200% of your regular rate, and 130% for special holidays.

Example: If you work on Christmas Day, your pay should reflect the legal holiday premium. These benefits also apply to overtime or night work during holidays.

4. Right to a Safe and Healthy Workplace

Employers are obligated to provide a safe and healthy workplace. This includes supplying protective gear and ensuring health and safety protocols are followed to prevent workplace accidents.

Example: If your role involves physical labor or exposure to hazardous substances, your employer should provide the necessary safety equipment and training. Employees also have the right to report unsafe conditions without fear of retaliation.

5. Understanding Your Employment Terms and Conditions

Employers must clearly state the job role, compensation, working hours, and benefits in the employment contract, ensuring both parties are aligned. A well-defined contract protects employees and helps prevent misunderstandings.

Example: If a company initially offers you a particular role or pay rate during interviews, ensure that these details are reflected in your contract. Reviewing your contract before signing can help prevent future misunderstandings.

6. Understanding Your Benefits in the Philippines

Many employees are eligible for various work-related benefits in the Philippines beyond their salaries, such as medical and dental coverage, bereavement leave, and government-mandated contributions like SSS, Pag-IBIG, and PhilHealth. Employers must provide these benefits, which can be particularly helpful in times of need.

Example: If you experience a family bereavement, check if your company offers bereavement leave. Additionally, confirm that your SSS, Pag-IBIG, and PhilHealth contributions are current, as these programs support employees’ health and financial security.

By familiarizing yourself with these benefits, you ensure you’re fully taking advantage of what’s available to you.

7. Right to Unionize and Engage in Collective Bargaining

Employees have the right to join or form unions and negotiate collectively with their employers. Union membership provides a platform for employees to advocate for fair wages, improved working conditions, and other benefits.

Example: If your workplace has issues with pay or resources, joining a union allows you to collectively present your concerns. Remember, it’s illegal for employers to penalize employees who unionize.

8. Protection Against Workplace Harassment and Discrimination

Philippine law prohibits discrimination and harassment based on gender, religion, disability, and more. Employees should feel respected and have the right to report any cases of harassment.

Example: If a colleague or manager acts inappropriately, you can report it to HR, as companies are required to investigate and address these complaints. A safe, inclusive workplace is a right, not a privilege.

9. Special Leave Entitlements for Specific Circumstances

Beyond vacation and sick leave, Filipino employees have access to certain special leaves, such as emergency leave, violence against women and children (VAWC) leave, and solo parent leave. These entitlements help employees manage personal or family crises.

Example: If you’re a solo parent or experiencing domestic violence, additional leave entitlements are available to you. Understanding these rights ensures you’re supported when facing difficult circumstances.

Bonus tip: 

Knowing about in demand jobs in the Philippines can help you align your skills with roles that offer growth and stability, particularly as fields such as IT, digital marketing, healthcare, and customer service continue to grow.

Example: If you’re considering a career shift, researching high-demand industries can help you target jobs with strong job security and opportunities for advancement. Job seekers who focus on in-demand fields often enjoy increased job prospects and career stability.

Conclusion:

Staying informed about your rights in the workplace can transform your employment experience and protect your interests. Remember, these rights aren’t just formalities—they’re essential to fair treatment and professionalism within Philippine work environments. By understanding essential rights, from fair wages and safe workplaces to 13th month pay computation and paid holidays, you ensure that you’re receiving what’s due to you under the law. Empower yourself by keeping these rights in mind, so you can navigate your career with confidence and security.